A). Critical cross-field outcomes:
1. Identify and solve problems in which responses display that responsible decisions using critical and creative thinking have been made
2. Work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation and community
3. Organise and manage oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively
4. Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information
5. Demonstrate understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that the problem solving context does not exist in isolation
6. Reflect on and explore a variety of strategies to learn more effectively
7. Explore business and career opportunities
8. Develop entrepreneurial opportunities
9. Look at the environment on a macro basis rather than a micro basis in order to enhance the current environment
10. Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical and language skills in the modes of oral and/or written persuasion
11. Demonstrate understanding of the economic world in context as a dynamic interactive world that does not exit in isolation
12. Demonstrate effective and responsible decision making
13. Stimulate and develop thinking patterns involving creativity
14. Interpret information received via the media and other sources
15. Remain receptive and responsive to current trends and developments
16. Use technology effectively and responsibly
17. Conduct research independently
B). Specific outcomes:
1. Company Law
Ability to:
List and describe the six forms of ownership that a business may choose
Describe the reasons for forming close corporations and how a company is converted into a close corporation
List the advantages and two disadvantages of each type of business ownership
Choose the correct form of business ownership for a business
Describe the formalities required when forming a limited company or close corporation
Describe the different types of shares and the ways in which shares are issues
Describe the offer of shares and the prospectus
Describe the process of appointment and removal of directors
Describe the rights and duties of directors
Define and explain distributable profits and dividends
Explain the term 're-organisation'
2. Management III
Ability to:
List all the resources available to management and explain how to utilise these to the maximum potential
Demonstrate, using work related examples, how technological change impacts on resource allocation
Explain the role of the chief executive in key management functions
Explain factors which necessitate change in an organisation and how to manage transformation in an organisation
List and explain the various systems and measures available to generate information and to measure and monitor performance within the undertaking
Discuss, using practical examples, the major issues confronting managers in South Africa today
3. Cost and Management Accounting I
Ability to:
Define cost accounts
Describe the object of cost accounts
Outline the advantages of a cost accounting system
Define cost
Describe the two costing methods used and apply these to working examples
Analyse the total costs of various items
Define prime costs and explain the various prime costs
Define the term overhead and explain the various overheads
Illustrate items of job costs indicating how a total cost would be calculated
Show how costs are estimated
Describe the process of implementing a costing system
Describe the responsibilities of the staff directly concerned with a costing system
Describe the principles of factory organisation and how these impact on costs
Describe how information on costs (cost data) should be used as a control mechanism
4. Cost and Management Accounting III
Ability to:
Demonstrate using work-related examples how to allocate costs
Explain profit planning
Demonstrate, using work-related examples, the ability to price products effectively and so a company financial analysis
Explain how to manage working capital
Explain, using work-related examples how to determine the cost of capital and long term financing
5. Statistics
Ability to:
Describe the methods for collecting data
Describe the methods for classifying data
Describe the methods for tabulating data
Describe the term median and be able to calculate a simple weighted average
Prepare simple commercial graphs and charts (Range: pie, budget and historiograms)
Describe smoothing of graphs and how this impacts on forecasting
Demonstrate understanding of simple correlation and regression analysis
Describe the elementary probability theory
List some sources of published statistics and describe how these statistics are interpreted
6. Economics
Ability to:
Describe the theory of demand and supply
Describe how the total economic activities are measured
Describe the economics and dis-economics of scale
Describe the market structure and define terms such as perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly
Describe the law of diminishing utility
Describe the law of diminishing returns
Identify the macro-economic variables
Explain economic equilibrium in two, three and four sector models
Define terms consumption, the multiplier, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, credit creation
Describe the functions of money and explain the demand for money (liquidity preference)
Explain the relationship between inflation and unemployment and their impact on the economy
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect taxes
Describe the meaning of fiscal policy
Define the term monetary policy and explain the instruments of monetary policy
Describe the concept of economic growth
Describe terms such as protectionism, balance of payments, exchange rate
Explain various exchange rate systems
7. Financial Accounting I
Ability to:
Demonstrate understanding of the double-entry system of accounting
Describe the classification of and accounting for capital, assets, liabilities, expenses and income
Describe the distinction between revenue and capital expenditure
Illustrate the accounting equation
List the books of original entry
Record repetitive transactions in the books (journals) of prime entry and posting to the general ledger
Extract a trial balance
Describe the concepts of matching, prudence, consistency and going concern
Explain how accruals and prepayments are entered
Describe and illustrate the various methods of stock valuation (Range: FIFO method, LIFO method, weighted average method and the lower of cost or net realisable value)
Define the term depreciation
Explain the various depreciation methods (Range: straight-line, reducing balance, revaluation and sum of the digits)
Explain how fixed assets are disposed of
Describe bad debts, bad debts recovered
Explain how to provision for doubtful debts and provision for discount
Demonstrate the preparation of financial statements
Sole traders (Range: trading account, year-end adjustments, closing entries, income statement and balance sheet)
Associations not for gain (for example clubs) - receipts and payments account, year-end adjustments, income statement and balance sheet
Reconcile a bank statement
Write up and reconcile debtors and creditors control accounts with debtors and creditors ledgers
Make adjustments (Range: errors of principle, omission, commission and original entry and compensating errors)
Prepare departmental income statements
Prepare inter-departmental transfers
Allocation departmental expenses
Describe partnership accounts and define terms (Range: Appropriation accounts, interest on capital and drawings, salaries paid to partners, sharing of profit or loss fixed and fluctuating capital accounts and current accounts
Prepare a simple cash flow statement in respect of a sole trader (Range: capital introduction, profit, drawings, leans raised and repaid, increases and decreases in working capital, purchase and disposal of assets)
Describe the presentation of manufacturing statements and define terms (Range: elements of costs, stock valuation, unit costs, mark-up percentage, work in progress, sales of raw materials, allocation of expenses)
Prepare departmental income statements
Prepare inter-departmental transfers
Allocation departmental expenses
Describe partnership accounts and define terms (Range: Appropriation accounts, interest on capital and drawings, salaries paid to partners, sharing of profit or loss fixed and fluctuating capital accounts and current accounts
Prepare a simple cash flow statement in respect of a sole trader (Range: capital introduction, profit, drawings, loans raised and repaid, increases and decreases in working capital, purchase and disposal of assets)
Describe the presentation of manufacturing statements and define terms (Range: elements of costs, stock valuation, unit costs, mark-up percentage, work in progress, sales of raw materials, allocation of expenses)
Financial Accounting II
8. Ability to:
Discuss the formation of a company
Distinguish between par value shares and no par value shares
Distinguish between the different classes of shares
Process the accounting entries for the issue of shares and debentures
Convert par value shares to no par value shares, and no par value shares to par value shares
Process the accounting entries for the redemption of preference shares
Process the accounting entries for the redemption of debentures
Draw up company financial statements, including an income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement
Draw up a production cost statement, income statement and balance sheet of a manufacturing company
Process the accounting entries when a company buys a business, including a partnership; and
Account for the conversion of a partnership into a company
Discuss the formation of a close corporation
Explain the differences between a close corporation, a company and a partnership
Draw up financial statements for a close corporation
Convert a partnership into a close corporation; and
Convert a company into a close corporation
Write up the ledger accounts of non-independent branches
Draw up the financial statements of dependent branches; and
Draw up the financial statements of foreign branches
Draw up consolidated financial statements for a company with wholly-owned subsidiaries
Draw up contract accounts
Draw up instalment sales accounts; and
Account for joint ventures
Prepare final accounts and statements
9. Financial Accounting III
Ability to:
Consolidate wholly and partly owned subsidiaries, involving inter-company transactions, dividends paid by subsidiaries and where the share capital of the subsidiaries includes preference shares
Consolidate complex groups of companies
Deal with taxation in the financial statements of companies and close corporations
Deal with liquidations, amalgamations or mergers, take-overs and reconstructions of companies
Write up investment accounts
Calculate and account for insurance claims
Draw up cash budgets
Evaluate capital projects
Interpret financial statements
Valuate shares and businesses
Account for leases in the books of the lessee
10. Business Communications
Ability to:
Give a broad definition of communications with special reference to the interpersonal communication process in the business environment
Distinguish between verbal and non-verbal communication
Describe the interpersonal communication process and a basic interpersonal communications model, including reference to the message, code, feedback and interference
Describe mass communication as a process, with reference only to the way in which it differs from the interpersonal communications process
Outline of development and functions, advantages and disadvantages of mass media
Describe the different types of non-verbal communication
Describe organisational communication (Range: Vertical, horizontal, diagonal, small group communication, the grapevine, internal communications media, external communications media
Identify communication barriers (Range: Physical, Physiological, Psychological, Semantic)
Define verbal communications (Range: register, style, tone)
Analyse using practical communication situations
Deal with business correspondence. Range:
Concise formats (telephone messages, telegrams, telexes, formal invitations and accepting/declining these, bulletin board notices and so on)
Memorandum (inter-office and interdepartmental)
Letters of enquiry and replies to these
Letters of complaint and adjustment
Letters of invitation to VIPs
Sales promotion/marketing through circulars
Application with/without curriculum vitae
Letters of appointment/resignation
Testimonials/references
Letters to the press
Letters of goodwill/introduction
Prepare and advertisement. Range:
The AIDA formula
Factual, emotive and persuasive advertising
Advertising ethics and the Advertising Standards Authority
Classified ('smalls')
Display advertisements (including those featuring employment opportunity)
Mail drops (leaflets, brochures, circulars)
Press releases
Prepare and chair meetings. Range:
Notice, agenda and minutes of organisations not for gain
Annual general meeting
Special/extraordinary general meetings
Executive/committee meetings
Knowledge of basic meeting procedure applicable to the appointment, rules of debate - proposals and amendments, seconding, motions, replies, point of order, voting, adjournment/closing and so on, excluding proxies - and relevant terminology
Holding of mock meetings
Prepare written reports. (Range: Formal and semi-formal (memorandum or letter form) reports, summary (investigation), progress, attendance and annual reports, graphic representations, questionnaires, objective scientific writing)
Answer a telephone
Conduct an interview
Conduct a public performance. (Range: introduction, announcements, welcoming speeches, proposing toasts, presentation of reports, formal speeches)
11. Management I
Ability to:
Explain the role of the business organisation and management in satisfying people's needs
Describe what the management process entails and how it enables organisations to achieve their goals
Describe the different levels and kinds of managers in an organisation
Explain the skills required of management and how the skills are acquired
Describe the scope of management and its challenges
Describe the concepts of systems theory
Describe the composition and characteristics of the management environment
Describe the internal and micro-environment including the different levels of management in the enterprise; the managerial skills required at the various levels
Explain the market or task environment and macro-environment
Understand the interface between the enterprise and the environment including change, competition and crisis
Explain ways in which management reacts to the environment
Understand the importance of planning
Explain the development of organisational goals as a step in the planning process
Understand the impact of planning premises
Describe the nature and specifications of organisational goals
Explain the process of goal setting; the management of multiple goals and the techniques for goal setting for the individual organisation with special emphasis on the process, benefits and weaknesses of MBO
Understand the importance of planning
Identify and discuss the different kinds of organisational plans and explain the time frame for planning
Explain the steps in the planning process
Identify barriers to effective planning and know how to overcome these barriers
Identify and discuss important planning tools
Discuss the concept of strategic planning
Describe the strategic planning process
Explain the levels of strategy
Explain each component of the strategic planning process and discuss behavioural considerations affecting strategic choice
Define an information systems and identify the components of an information system
Describe a classification of information systems
Describe the steps in developing an information system
Understand the term "organising" in the management sense and describe how organising fits in with other functions in the management process
Describe the designing of the structure of an organisation and describe the use and limitations of the various kinds of structures
Understand how authority ties into management
Distinguish between various types of power
Do an analysis of delegating and understand the link between authority, centralisation and decentralisation
Explain the importance of co-ordination
Highlight the aspects of job design
Define the major types of managerial decisions and explain conditions under which managers make decisions
Describe the rational model of decision making
Discuss the techniques for improving group decision making
Explain quantitative tools for decision making
Discuss the importance of leadership as a fundamental management function and explain the nature and components of leadership
Participate in the leadership versus management debate
Examine different leadership models in an effort to throw light on the essence of leadership
Discuss the contemporary perspectives on leadership
Review the interfaces between leadership and organisational politics
Explain what motivation encompasses and explain the different motivational theories
Explain the role of money as a motivator
Describe how to create fobs that motivate
Describe the difference between groups and teams and the reasons why people form teams
Describe the different types of groups found in an organisation
Describe the stages in group development and appropriate leadership styles
Explain the emergence of group characteristics and describe inter-group dynamics
Discuss how to develop groups and teams
Understand the importance of control as the final component of the management process and explain the focal points of control
Illustrate the relationship between control and planning and hence the cycle of the management process
Understand the difference between planned and reactive change
Describe the forces for change and the types of change
Explain the change process
Understand resistance to change and to overcome it
Describe the methods to introduce change
Understand the relationship between culture and change
12. Management II
Ability to:
Define and explain the scope of the following functions using work-related examples:
Marketing
Operations
Purchasing
Financial
Human resources
Public relations
Explain the nature and attribution of information and data and the managers' need for these
Demonstrate working knowledge of computer systems
Identify, define and explain the terms "business ethics" and "social responsibility" and the relationship / balance between them
13. Information systems and technology (Concepts of management computing)
Ability to:
Define management information systems and the way it provides information for decision making at different management levels
Define, discuss and demonstrate working knowledge of the different aspects of computer hardware and software fundamentals
Describe and demonstrate the use of files, databases and the processing and storage of data
Demonstrate working knowledge of basic computer terminology
Demonstrate the ability to develop and implement a computer system
List the provisions of the 1983 Computer Evidence Act
14. Income Tax
Ability to:
Describe the current law relating to Income Tax
Compute taxable income and assess losses
Demonstrate the ability to calculate gross income and be able to determine exemptions from, deductions and rebates on gross income
Apply double taxation agreements
Calculate amounts due to the South African Revenue Services with regard to Income Tax, PAYE, SITE and VAT
15. Principles of Law
Ability to:
Define the concept of law;
Relate the purposes and functions of law;
Describe real rights and personal rights;
Define the concept of legal personality;
Explain the various forms of business enterprise
Identify the sources of SA law;
Differentiate between the various SA courts and the jurisdiction of these courts;
Describe the doctrine of precedence;
Explain legal procedures and practitioners;
Describe the divisions of law in SA
Identify the basic legal principles that feature in all contracts;
Explain how and when a contract is created and the rules that apply to all contracts;
Demonstrate the difference between void and voidable contracts;
Describe the conditions that may attach to a contract;
Describe contracts in restraint of trade;
Define the meaning of contracts for the benefit of third parties;
Define cession, delegation and assignment;
Explain how a contract can be breached and the remedies for breach of contract;
Describe the ways in which a contract may be terminated; and
Describe the rules relating to misrepresentation in delict.
16. Cost and Management Accounting II
Ability to:
Discuss various cost allocation concepts and apply these to product pricing;
Conduct financial analysis;
Prepare budgets;
Manage working capital through cash flow planning and control;
Explain the term cost of capital and the various elements that contribute to the cost of capital;
Perform calculations to calculate the cost of capital;
Identify ways in which a close corporation or limited company may acquire long term financing;
17. Accounting and Finance
Ability to:
Describe the components of financial statements.
Demonstrate the double entry principle
Write up the general journal.
Post from the general journal to the general ledger.
Extract a trial balance.
Describe various accounting concepts.
List and explain the different types of accounting records.
Describe a method of stock control.
Describe debtors and creditors control accounts.
Reconcile statements.
Describe budgetary control.
Describe break-even analysis.
Describe the preparation of financial statements.
Analyse financial statements.
18. Employment Law
Ability to:
Adopt legislation into the workplace. Range:
- Labour Relations Act
- Basic Conditions of Employment Act
- Workmen's' Compensation Act
- Unemployment Insurance Act
- Occupation Health and Safety Act
- Common law regulating relationships between employer and employee.
19. Organisational Behaviour
Ability to:
Gain a fundamental understanding of the complexity of human nature and the concept/process of human motivation
Describe the historical development of the motivation concept and distinguish between the content and process theories of motivation and apply this in the organisational context
Describe the nature of organisations and the concept of systems theory
Explain why organisations are structured in different ways and highlight the key factors that influence organisational structure
Describe historical and current approaches to job design and describe the impact of job design on organisational and individual performance
Analyse the controversial concept of job satisfaction and its relation to individual performance
Describe organisational climate and the effect it has on performance; and
Define stress in the work environment list, possible causes and describe how it impacts on individual performance
Define leadership and discuss various leadership theories (Range: The leadership continuum, contingency approaches
Define participation
List and describe the various participation techniques
Explain the basic communication process and outline the barriers to effective communication and how they can be overcome
Identify the different types of communication structures that can be used in companies
Implement an MBO programme in the workplace
Describe the nature and complexity of groups in an organisational setting
Describe the group formation process and the different types of groups that exist in the context of a work organisation
Describe group behavioural (Range inter-group, intra-group)
Develop strategies for solving and preventing inter-group conflict
Define change, the factors that cause change and why change is resisted
Describe the planned action, styles and approach associated with the management of change
Describe the role of the change agent and the different types of agents
Explain the main features, steps and techniques involved in organisational development (OD)
20. Human Resource Development I
Ability to:
Define training.
Distinguish between training, education and development.
State the reasons for training, education and development.
Discuss the various perspectives of the labour market.
Discuss the national initiatives to stimulate the manpower factor in the economy.
Outline the various pieces of Legislation affecting training and development in South Africa.
Give reasons why organisations do training.
Identify various approaches to training interventions.
Explain how training forms a subsystem of the organisation.
Discuss the need and the process of Strategic Human Resources Development.
Discuss various training models.
Describe the role of the training practitioner.
Identify the need for adequate records and information systems.
Identify the requirements in terms of training facilities.
Identify the various theories on learning.
Discuss the learning principles and the factors affecting effective learning.
Describe the considerations given to adult learning.
Conduct a training needs analysis.
Conduct a simple job analysis for training purposes.
Design a simple training programme.
Explain the difference between training and competence-based training.
Explain the process of programme delivery.
Describe the process of training evaluation.
Define management development.
Describe the methods used for management development.
21. Human Resource Development II
Ability to:
Describe the role of a trainer, the functions of trainers, training principles and training methods.
Discuss and illustrate the basic steps in preparing and presenting a training session; and
Prepare a skills training programme for approval by the Department of Labour.
Describe the link between strategic planning and human resources management.
Describe strategic training management.
Describe the systems approach and the effect of macro- and micro-variables on training management.
Explain why a training and development philosophy is necessary.
Describe the integration of training and development in the business world; and
Describe the management process in training, with specific reference to planning, organising, leading, controlling, motivating, problem-solving and communicating.
Demonstrate an understanding for the theoretical basis of training needs analysis by conducting one in a work situation.
Explain the necessity for training evaluation.
22. Human Resource Development III
Ability to:
The trainer's acceptance by other role players and his or her credibility
Advanced training methods
Key trainer skills
Instructional techniques
Induction training and skills training; and
Specialist training situations
The South African labour supply, with specific reference to problems associated with the shortage of suitably qualified managers and potential managers of all races
The meaning of, and reasons for, management development
Methods of training managers and obtaining commitment
Trainer roles and skills required in the training of managers
Organisational development as a training philosophy for developing managers; and
Evaluating management development
The opportunities and principles of affirmative action; and
How to implement an affirmative action strategy
Understand the concept of organisational development and change and the implications it has for individuals, groups and institutions
Understand the conceptual approaches to organisational development, its objectives and roles; and
Understand the concept of outplacement
23. Human Resource Management I
Ability to:
Discuss the Human Resource Management activities and goals.
Describe the relationship between line and staff organisational structures.
Define functional departmentalisation with specific reference the human resources function with reference to the range (range Job design, job specialisation, job enlargement, job enrichment).
Describe the human resource planning process-highlighting factors that influence human resource planning.
Describe how planning and forecasting the staffing requirements coincides with the organisational strategic plans.
Define terms, human resource objectives, and personnel inventories.
Describe methods of human resource forecasting.
Definition, terminology and uses of job analysis
Describe the job analysis process and methods used in the process of job analysis.
Describe the components of a job description.
Describe the components of a job specification.
Describe the purpose of recruitment and highlight the factors that influence recruitment.
Analyse the advantages, disadvantages and sources of recruitment (internal and external).
Write a job advertisement.
Identify the various selection methods.
Describe the steps in a job interview differentiating between structured and unstructured job interviews.
Develop a letter of appointment or labour contract.
Describe the objectives of orientation and the content of such a programme.
Describe why evaluation is necessary of the orientation programme.
List and describe the purpose of the various types of personnel records kept in the HR department.
Define performance management and discuss its advantages.
Identify the conditions for the successful implementation of performance management.
Discuss performance guidance (Range: preparing for guidance, observing performance, providing feedback, conducting review sessions, providing rewards, hints for guiding performance)
Describe the steps to be taken when correcting performance (Range: positive and negative deviations)
Define a career, career management and a career path.
Describe career path planning and elucidate the responsibilities of the individual and management.
Describe the factors that impact on career management.
Describe the five stages of career development using a practical example.
24. 15. Human Resource Management II
Ability to:
Describe various motivational theories of pioneers in behavioral science and apply these to modem thinking in the management of people at work.
Explain the communication process and the fundamentals in communication.
Describe the various methods/systems of communication in organisations (Range methods: letters, memorandums, newsletters, meetings)(Range systems: vertical - upwards and downwards, horizontal and lateral.
Describe the difference of formal and informal communication using practical examples.
Describe the barriers to communication in organisations and methods for eliminating barriers to communication.
Explain person-to-person communication to gain understanding (Range: speaking, writing and listening.
Discuss the various means of keeping in touch with all levels of staff to convey management policy; the image of the organisation; feedback in the case of grievances;
Describe the system available to workers to communicate and negotiate with management in connection with all matters relating to their work situation and environment;
Discuss the manner in which the business should handle worker demands or suggestions to ensure fair play and to ensure that the enterprise does not suffer financial losses through stay-aways or other for ms of work stoppages; and
Describe quality circles as a means of communication.
Describe the various leadership theories and apply these to workplace examples.
Describe how to establish training needs at various levels and how to develop training objectives throughout the organisation.
Describe the importance of proper selection prior to training.
Describe how to make use of assessment techniques in identifying candidates who are 'trainable 'and those whom you can develop further for supervisory and managerial positions.
Apply modem concepts in training workers.
Discuss the importance of supervisory training and management training.
Outline the structure of management development programmes and how you can evaluate their results in terms of increased effectiveness in the organisation.
Describe how career-path planning for individuals results in job satisfaction through promotions.
Describe how to place out unsatisfactory or redundant supervisors and managers.
Describe the importance of various staff appraisal systems, which reflect a comparison of the merits of a group of individuals who exhibit identifiable characteristics in performing their jobs.
Describe the importance of and reasons for equal opportunity and advancement programmes.
Discuss the role of top management in supporting and monitoring equal opportunity and advancement programmes.
Discuss the role of employment codes (Range objectives; contents; signatories; advantages; shortcomings; criticisms).
Describe the role of personnel practitioners towards the creation and maintenance of equal opportunity and advancement programmes. (Range: the strategic planning process; human resources planning; the selection criteria and methods of selecting black managers; identifying training needs for the development of black managers; identifying training needs for the development of black mangers; the development of black managers: principles and strategies; the motivation of black managers.)
Describe the employment relationship and the rights and duties of employers and workers.
Describe the general employment practices that affect industrial relations.
25. Human Resource Management III
Ability to:
Develop corporate strategies and long-range plans
Define corporate capabilities relating to human resources management; and
Apply factors that are necessary for success
Describe the role of top executives in the acquisition, maintenance and development of human resources; and
Describe the role of the human resources department
Discuss various industrial relations issues affecting South African companies
Define and explain the development of organised labour
Describe the nature and importance of labour relations in South Africa
Describe the objectives of management and the role of human resources management in relation to the management team
Define labour relations concepts and procedures
Define and discuss industrial conflict
Define labour turnover and absenteeism
Discuss the factors influencing labour turnover and absenteeism (external and internal)
Calculate the cost of labour turnover and absenteeism
Measure labour turnover
measure absenteeism
Discuss the usefulness of performance appraisal
Differentiate between various performance appraisal techniques
Identify problems experienced during performance appraisal
Explain the importance of the feedback process in performance appraisal
Explain the concept of personality in theory
Describe the psychological contract between the employee and the organisation
Explain the author's (prescribed textbook) view of 'motivation' from a personal framework of reference
Describe the attachment to and investment in the goals of an organisation
Explain the management of change
Describe the human resources manager's role as an agent of change
List and explain the cause and reasons resistance to change
Interpret and evaluate change by individuals and management
Pinpoint the problems and opportunities associated with change; and
Describe the demands of technological change and impact on workforce composition
Discuss the various theories on human behaviour and their applications to the identification and development of management talent and personnel motivation
Explain the functions of the human resources manager
Explain the human resources manager's responsibilities for planning, organising, motivating, influencing and controlling
Demonstrate understanding of developing budgets, productivity levels, targets, measurement of results
Analyse the complex nature of relationship between the human resources department and departments involved with training and industrial relations of the organisation
26. Labour Relations I
Ability to:
Describe the history of labour relations and the various theories that have evolved.
Discuss how labour relations in South Africa have evolved.
Discuss the environmental variables that impact on labour relations in the organisation.
Explain the objectives and functioning of trade unions, employers' organisations and the State and the relationship between these role players.
Describe the Legislation that affects labour relations in the workplace.
Demonstrate how this Legislation is applied.
Describe the structures put in place for employee involvement in the workplace through workplace forums.
Describe the conflict resolution procedure through the CCMA and the Labour Court.
Illustrate the purpose of workplace agreements and describe how these are applied in the workplace.
27. Labour Relations II
Ability to:
Demonstrate an understanding of the Interaction and processes with the labour relationship (Range: Commodity; Co-operation and w-operation processes; Conflict and collective bargaining; The power dynamic; The freedom of the individual versus allegiance to the collective and The interaction continuum.)
Discuss the factors regulating the interaction labour of relationships.
Describe the external influences on labour relationship (Range: The social political system; Social influences; The economic dispensation; The influence of trade unions and Additional influences.)
Identify and discuss the different approaches labour to the relationship (Range: The unitary approach; The pluralist approach; The radical approach; The neo-unitary/pluralist approach).
Compare South African labour relations systems with that of other countries (Range: United States of America; Great Britain; Germany; Yugoslavia.)
Discuss the principles of labour of economics (Range: The importance of labour economics; The nature and scope labour of economics; Wage and labour market theories; The functioning of labour the market; The effect of collective bargaining on wage and employment levels; The effect of wage determination on wage and employment Labour levels; market discrimination; Labour mobility).
Discuss principles of collective bargaining central labour to the relationship including aspects such as conflict, power, scope and the extent of the relationship, bargaining styles and the role of the state.
Discuss collective bargaining in South Africa. (Range: The right to free collective bargaining; Freedom of association and freedom from victimisation; Organisational rights; Bargaining units; Closed shop and agency shop; Enforceability of agreement; Centralise bargaining structures -bargaining council; Decentralised bargaining structures and the system of plant level recognition; The duty to bargain.)
Demonstrate an understanding of the negotiation process, the effects of collective negotiations on the environment and the variables influencing the negotiation process.
Describe the negotiating process (Range: preparation, conduct maneuvers and outlining the qualities of a good negotiator.
Discuss the outcome, implementation and monitoring of workplace agreements.
Describe the nature and scope of a labour dispute.
Describe the types of labour disputes, namely dispute of rights and disputes of interest.
Explain how to establish a dispute settlement procedure.
Outline the procedures established by legislation for dispute settlement.
List and explain the methods of dispute settlement.
Discuss dispute settlement in terms of Labour the Relations Act 1995.
Identify various dispute settlement mechanisms.
Define the term 'strike" and differentiate between the terms "go-slow", 'overtime ban "and' strike.
Analyse the differences between "protected a strike ", "unprotected strike" and a 'sympathy strike".
Establish the purposes of picketing.
Define the term "lock-out".
List the procedural requirements for a lockout.
Describe the two main functions of a lockout.
28.Labour Relations III
Ability to:
Describe the registration of a trade union or an employers' organisation as well as a constitution of these structures
Describe the procedures and structures for regulating labour relations and thus institutionalising conflict inherent in the workplace (Range: grievance and disciplinary procedures; sexual harassment procedures; procedures to deal with misconduct, incapacity for poor work performance and incapacity due to ill health or injury; procedures to deal with conditions of employment, for example absenteeism and coming late; procedure for internal dispute settlement; workplace forums; recognition and collective agreements)
Explain the roles of the various parties within these structures and procedures and the means by which labour relations policies are formulated
Explain the practical application of strikes, lockouts and work stoppages, as well as contingency plans in this regard
Discuss the structures available for collective consultation and negotiation between management and workers (Range: trade unions; workplace forums)
Discuss and explain the practical application of dispute resolution and the structures available in this regard (Range: Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA); Bargaining Council)
Discuss the role played by the Labour Court and the Labour Appeal Court in settling disputes
Discuss the nature of industrial democracy and worker participation in South Africa in particular
29. Marketing Management I
Describe and define marketing.
Describe the place of marketing within the organisation.
Describe the marketing concepts.
List and briefly explain the marketing mix.
Describe the tasks and the organisation of a marketing department.
Define market segmentation, target marketing and product positioning.
Describe the basis for market segmentation.
Apply and discuss the market segmentation process.
Describe the variables of the marketing environment.
Describe the Interaction between the variables in the environment.
Identify the components of a marketing information system and the sources of information for marketing managers.
Explain the market research process using suitable work based examples.
Identify the factors affecting consumer behavior.
Demonstrate the consumer decision-making process and the participants in the process.
Discuss the Nature and development of consumerism.
Define a product.
Classify products.
Discuss the planning and development of new products.
Discuss the stages in the product life cycle;
Identify decisions regarding the product mix and product ranges.
Describe trademark (brand) and packaging decisions.
Describe the selection and management of distribution channel and structure.
Describe the steps in managing the distribution channel and briefly explain aspects of the management of physical distribution.
Describe the use of Intermediaries and their right of existence.
Describe the pricing process and various approaches to and factors affecting pricing.
Explain the meaning of price.
Identify the needs and types of pricing policies.
Describe the nature of marketing promotion and the components of the promotions mix.
Define the roles of advertising, sales promotion, public relations and personal selling in the promotion mix.
Identify the important elements of marketing communication.
Describe advertising as an important element in marketing communication, especially with regard to the formulation of advertising message, managing the advertising campaign and the role of the advertising practitioner.
Explain how sales promotion campaigns are developed and implemented.
Explain ho companies use public relations to communicate with their publics.
Describe the strategic marketing process.
30. Marketing Management II
Explain the strategy for cultural change and the consequences.
Describe the obstacles to business transactions in international marketing.
List and explain the ten basic criteria that international marketers should meet when dealing with international firms.
Discuss the influences of culture on the methods of doing business.
Describe the effects of disparate business on international marketing.
Describe the effect of high context cultures and low context cultures on conducting business.
Explain ways in which international marketers can ensure that they remain ethically and socially responsible in their behavior.
Discuss the factors that create stability or instability on prevailing government policies of a country.
Explain the political risks that can impact on the performance of business activities.
Describe the risks and controls associated with the investments in foreign markets.
Describe the ways in which businesses can protect their investment in foreign markets and limit political risk.
Explain the four sources of law (heritages) that form the basis for the majority of legal systems of the world and the impact on the international marketer.
Explain the three situations where legal disputes can arise.
Explain the three methods of dispute resolution available to the international marketer.
Describe the problems that companies face protecting intellectual property rights and ways in which these can be protected through international agreements.
Describe the differences between countries that affect international marketing plans.
Explain why the international marketer must be aware of green marketing legislation.
Describe the scope of international marketing research.
Analyse the three basic differences between domestic and foreign market research.
Describe, using an example, the market research process.
Explain the problems that may be encountered with secondary data.
Describe the methods for gathering primary data and the problems associated with the collection process.
Explain how the Internet can assist with research.
Describe the problems associated with analysing and interpreting research information.
Explain how to analyse and use research information.
Describe the functions of multinational marketing information systems.
Analyse the differences between international marketing and global marketing.
Describe the benefits of global orientation.
Describe the international planning process using a product/company of your choice.
Describe the importance of international alliances to a firm going international.
Explain the importance of planning to achieve company goals.
Explain the various alternative market-entry strategies.
Explain the various ways in which a company can structure itself to maximize international potential.
Describe why it is important to offer a product that is suitable for the intended market.
Describe the current thoughts on standardised products versus differentiated products.
Discuss the relationship between product acceptance and the market into which it is introduced.
Describe the importance of quality and how quality is defined.
Describe the country of origins effect on product image.
Describe the physical, mandatory and cultural requirements for product evaluation.
Describe the components of a product using an example, and how it is necessary to view all the attributes of the product to overcome resistance to its acceptance.
Describe the growing importance of greening products.
Describe the various distribution channels and how they affect the cost and efficiency of marketing.
Describe the Japanese distribution structure and its impact on consumers and importers.
Discuss the impact of distribution patterns on the various aspects of international marketing.
Discuss the various options that the international marketer has to choose in respect of channels, locally as well as internationally.
Explain the functions, advantages and disadvantages of various middlemen.
Describe the importance of middlemen to a product's success and the importance of selecting and maintaining middlemen.
Explain factors that affect the choice of channels.
Describe the importance of e-commerce as a distribution alternative.
Describe the local market characteristics that affect the advertising and promotion of products.
Define modified advertising and explain when modified advertising is necessary.
Explain the creative challenges placed on advertising.
Discuss the various considerations that must be made when advertising internationally.
Discuss the Internet as an emerging medium for advertising globally.
Discuss the effect of limited media, excessive media, paper shortages, equipment shortages and government regulations on advertising and promotion budgets.
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of sales promotion in global marketing.
Explain the international communications process and how this impacts on the received message.
Describe the components of pricing and the factors that affect pricing.
Describe the factors that cause prices to escalate.
Explain the three ways manufacturers can lessen price escalation.
Explain what a foreign trade zone it and how these can be used to lessen price escalation.
Explain how to control pricing in parallel imports or gray markets.
Explain how counter trade works and how this can give a company the competitive advantage.
Discuss the benefits of intra-company pricing strategies.
Explain the requirements for price quotations in international sales.
Define industrial marketing.
Classify industrial products.
Define the two types of market organization.
Discuss the categories of industrial (business) products.
Compare the industrial buying process with the consumer buying process and identify the differences in the processes.
Identify and explain the rational buying techniques used by industrial buyers.
Identify the major factors that influence business buyer behavior.
Identify the participants in the business buying process (buying centre).
Describe the business buying process using an example.
Describe the factors that affect the choice of distribution channel.
Explain the various ways in which industrial selling occurs.
Identify the role of the sales person in industrial selling.
Describe how a marketer can forecast sales and the factors that affect the forecasting process.
Describe the considerations made when pricing industrial products.
Explain the relationship between costs, profit and price.
Explain how the use of price incentives can attract business customers.
Explain 4 ways in which industrial markets can be segmented.
Define industrial market research and describe the differences between consumer market research and industrial market research.
Describe the main techniques used to source primary data.
Illustrate a typical organisational structure of an industrial organisation.
Describe the process of developing an industrial marketing strategy.
Identify the ways in which a company can market industrial products to the government sector.
Define a product in terms of tangibility and intangibility.
Describe the relationship between the product and service.
Analyse a product in terms of core product, actual product and augmented product.
Describe the nature and characteristics of a service.
Describe the strategies that can be used for service firms to manage the service characteristics.
Describe the challenges and considerations when marketing services internationally.
31. Marketing Management III
Ability to:
Describe the core concepts in marketing
Marketing management
Describe the relationship between marketing and society
Identify the strategic decisions and their integration in terms of corporate decisions, business merit decisions and marketing decisions
Describe analytical methods for strategic decisions
Identify environmental decisions relating to the market, competition, the marketing strategy, technology and environment as part of strategic decisions
Discuss the various product/market unit strategies with regards to developing products strategies, introduction of growth strategies and maturity and decline strategies
Identify marketing mix decisions regarding product, price, place, promotion
Describe the application of strategic process with regards to developing the marketing plan
Discuss the implementation of the marketing strategy and the control thereof
32. Public Relations I
Ability to:
Define publicity and public relations.
Define publics and identify the various publics of the firm.
Analyse the differences and relationship between advertising and public relations.
Identify the role of public relations in a firm.
Identify the basic requirements for a PR campaigns.
Specify the fundamental principles of public relations.
List the field of public relations and provide examples.
Analyse the role differences between PR consultants and a PRP from
within the firm.
Identify a career path within the PR industry.
Describe the organisation of PR in the company structure.
Describe the activities of the PRP within the firm.
Describe the ways in which a PRP would deal with publics.
Describe how you would plan a PR campaign.
Describe PR as a management tool.
Describe the activities associated with PR.
Describe the role of PRISA and demonstrate understanding of the code of conduct that members of PRISA must adhere to.
List the advantages and disadvantages of employing a consultancy.
Discuss the objectives of Public Relations.
Describe the ways in which internal and external public relations can take place.
Describe the methods for public relations research.
Discuss the relationship between public relation and marketing.
List and explain the steps in public relations research.
Describe how you would plan a public relations programme.
33. Public Relations II
Ability to:
Distinguish between opinions, attitudes and beliefs.
Describe how opinions, attitudes and beliefs influence human behaviour.
Describe the relevance of these opinions, attitudes and beliefs to the public relations practitioner.
Explain the uses of the research.
Distinguish between formal and informal methods
Explain the steps in the research process.
Explain the techniques used in evaluating PR programs.
Identify the elements of public relations budgeting.
Explain the principles of costing for an internal department.
Describe the costing of an external consultancy.
Plan costing of films, house publications, press receptions, plant tours, and
Demonstrate the systematic costing principles.
Apply the steps of the planning process to a given situation, and
Present ideas for solving a given problem creatively and concisely.
34. Public Relations III
Ability to:
Explain the environmental forces which affect business functioning
Discuss social responsibility as a PR technique in a First World Developing - - World confluence situation
Explain the influence of the economic climate on PR activities; and
Explain the importance of communicating with employees
Describe the implications of the demographic constitution of the country for business
Explain the organisation of labour in SA and the implications for business management
Describe the inter-cultural implications of the structure of SA society
Explain the general influence of economic conditions on public relations programmes |