SAQA

All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.

SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE:

Demonstrate an understanding of lime technology

SAQA US ID	UNIT STANDARD TITLE
10464	Demonstrate an understanding of lime technology
ORIGINATOR
SGB Mining and Minerals
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-
FIELD			SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology			Fabrication and Extraction
ABET BAND	UNIT STANDARD TYPE	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	CREDITS
Undefined	Regular	Level 4	NQF Level 04	16
REGISTRATION STATUS		REGISTRATION START DATE	REGISTRATION END DATE	SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"		2018-07-01	2023-06-30	SAQA 06120/18
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT		LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30		2027-06-30

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard.

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD

This unit standard will be useful for people who are working in the lime manufacturing industry in South Africa and who require an in-depth understanding of lime technology. People credited with this unit standard are able to demonstrate an understanding of

Raw materials used in lime manufacture;

Manufacturing processes;

Hydration process;

Refractories and their use and applications and

Applications of the product

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

The credit calculation is based on the assumption that learners are already competent in terms of the following outcomes or areas of learning when starting to learn towards this unit standard:

Understanding lime manufacturing (CLA-G018)

Mathematical literacy at NQF level 2

Communication at NQF level 2

Chemistry at NQF level 2

Science at NQF level 2

UNIT STANDARD RANGE

Specific range statements are provided in the body of the unit standard where they apply to particular specific outcomes or assessment criteria.

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1

Indicate the nature and sources of raw materials to produce an economically viable product.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. The raw materials used in the lime manufacturing process are described in terms of their suitability for the product.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. The effect of deleterious contaminants in the raw materials is explained in terms of the process and the product.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Magnesium

Silica

Heavy metals

Sulphur

Phosphorus

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The sources of raw materials and their geographical locations are identified.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. The influence of economics on the selection of raw materials is described in terms of mining cost and transport issues.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2

Explain the chemical conversion of raw materials to burnt lime.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. The process of crushing and homogenising the raw material is explained in terms of fineness, quality and consistency of kiln feed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. The combustion process is explained in terms of burnt lime production.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Fuel types

Preparation of the fuel

Effect of coal ash

Calorific value, volatiles and ash content

Fuel/air ratios

Exhaust gas condition

Kiln temperature profile

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The transformation of kiln feed into burnt lime is described in relation to various zones of the kiln.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Preheating

Calcining

Cooling

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. The principal quality parameters of the burnt lime are explained.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

A/CaO, (Available lime) Reactivity

Loss On Ignition; Residual CO2

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3

Describe the hydrating process.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. The hydration of lime is described in terms of the process parameters and product quality.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Temperature

Fineness

Water quality

Water/lime ratio

Bulk density

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4

Demonstrate knowledge of various kiln refractory materials and their purpose.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. The refractories are listed by type and application in the kiln plant.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Shapes/monolithics

Basic/acid/spinel

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. The functions of refractories in lime kilns are explained.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Heat stress

Chemical stress

Thermal shock

Zones of the kiln

Expansion

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5

Describe the common field applications of lime.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. The principal applications of lime products are described.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. The function of lime in the principal application processes is described in terms of the quality parameters of the lime.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The selection of burnt lime or hydrated lime is explained in terms of materials handling and transport economics.

UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS

1. Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
2. Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA by SAQA.
3. Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures.

UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE

Essential embedded knowledge will be assessed through assessment of the specific outcomes in terms of the stipulated assessment criteria. Without knowledge of the listed embedded knowledge, candidates are unlikely to achieve all the specific outcomes to the standards described in the assessment criteria.. This means that for the most part, the possession or lack of the knowledge can be directly inferred from the quality of the candidate`s performance. Where direct assessment of knowledge is required, assessment criteria have been included in the body of the unit standard.

UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME

N/A

UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES

N/A

Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO):

UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING

Identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and creative thinking.

Note: The ability of the candidate to identify substandard and hazardous conditions, assess and take appropriate action.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING

Work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation or community.

Note: The ability and willingness of the candidate to accept and interpret work instructions correctly.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING

Organise and manage himself / herself and his / her activities responsibly and effectively.

Note: The ability of the candidate to indicate what methods, tools and personal protective equipment are required, and to communicate to fellow workers his / her intentions and the assistance required.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING

Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information.

Note: The ability of the candidate to reconcile the information from visual and physical examinations and constantly evaluate the changing situation.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING

Communicate effectively, using visual, mathematical and / or language skills in the modes of oral and / or written presentations.

Note: The appropriate communication with the relevant personnel with regard to the reporting of hazards and substandard conditions will indicate his / her proficiency in effective communication.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE

Use science and technology effectively and critically, thus showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others.

Note: The use of science and technology is not relevant for this unit standard.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING

Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation.

Note: The ability of the candidate to identify and refer anomalous behaviour to a specialist confirms his / her understanding of the fact that a specific observation, inference, action or decision may have a devastating effect.

UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA

Assessors should keep the following principles in mind when designing and conducting assessments against this unit standard:

Since the process of starting the kiln is time-consuming, it will involve handing over to another person in a shift rotation system, and also taking over from another person at the beginning of a new shift

Focus the assessment activities on gathering evidence in terms of the main outcome expressed in the title to ensure assessment is integrated rather than fragmented. Remember, we want to declare the person competent in terms of the title. Where assessment at title level is unmanageable, then focus assessment around each specific outcome, or groups of specific outcomes.

Make sure evidence is gathered across the entire range, wherever it applies. Assessment activities should be as close to the real performance as possible, and where simulations or role-plays are used, there should be supporting evidence to show the candidate is able to perform in the real situation.

Do not focus the assessment activities on each assessment criterion. Rather make sure the assessment activities focus on outcomes and are sufficient to enable evidence to be gathered around all the assessment criteria.

The assessment criteria provide the specifications against which assessment judgements should be made. In most cases, knowledge can be inferred from the quality of the performances, but in other cases, knowledge and understanding will have to be tested through questioning techniques. Where this is required, there will be assessment criteria to specify the standard required.

The task of the assessor is to gather sufficient evidence - of the prescribed type and quality as specified in this unit standard - that the candidate can achieve the outcomes again and again and again. This means assessors will have to judge how many repeat performances are required before they believe the performance is reproducible.

All assessments should be conducted in line with the following well-documented principles of assessment, namely appropriateness, fairness, manageability, integration into work or learning, validity, direct, authentic, sufficient, systematic, open and consistent.

REREGISTRATION HISTORY

As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015.

UNIT STANDARD NOTES

Terminology

Specified requirements include legal and site-specific requirements and are contained in one or more of the following documents:

Legal

Relevant Acts, e.g. Mine Health & Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29/1996), and Minerals Act and Regulations, 1991 (Act No. 50/1991)

Mandatory Codes of Practice

SABS and other relevant standards

Chief Inspector of Mines` Directives

Site Specific

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments (HIRA)

Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management Programme

Managerial Instructions

Mine Standard Procedures

List of Recorded OH&S Risks

Working Guides

Equipment and Materials Specifications

QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD:

	ID	QUALIFICATION TITLE	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	STATUS	END DATE	PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
Elective	57692	Further Education and Training Certificate: Carbonate Materials Manufacturing Processes	Level 4	NQF Level 04	Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"	2023-06-30	MQA
Elective	59201	National Certificate: Generic Management	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"	2023-06-30	As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual

PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD:

This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.

1.	PPC Ltd
2.	XTRACT TRAINING SERVICES (SA)(PTY)LTD