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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Design a range of load bearing elements for steel structures 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
114202  Design a range of load bearing elements for steel structures 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Civil Engineering Construction 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 12 - Physical Planning and Construction Civil Engineering Construction 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  10 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2026-06-30   2029-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
A person credited with this unit standard will be able to:

Describe loads, load factors and load combination factors in accordance with limit states philosophy, design tension members, compression members, flexural members (excluding plate girders) and beam-columns

The contribution to The National Skills Development Strategy is the key developmental interface between learners and new competencies to be achieved.

The competence of producing design calculations for a range of load bearing elements for steel structures complements the associated competencies contained in this qualification and contributes to the development of a professional community of Structural Steel Draughtsmen who are able to accurately interpret the engineering requirements for structural steel components and associated details.

The above statement further supports the notion of portability of skills and transformation within industry in that the competencies of critical engineering evaluation of each assembly when applied to the production of detailed drawings will ensure that Occupational Health and Safety and cost-effective production is enhanced. 

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
The following knowledge, skills attitude and / or equivalent:
  • Mathematical numeracy (geometry and trigonometry) at NQF Level 4 or equivalent
  • Draughting skills (freehand and 3-dimensional)
  • Communication (written and verbal) at NQF Level 4 or equivalent
  • Basic computer literacy - NQF Level 3
  • The learner will have mastered the competence design structural steelwork connections 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    Connections for direct tension bearing elements include but are not limited to:
  • Bolted connections (direct tension connection, shear connections,), Welded connections (direct tension connection, shear connections,)
    Members subject to axial compression include but are not limited to:
  • Rolled steel sections, welded plate girders and tubular hollow sections
    Flexural members include but are not limited to:
  • Rolled steel sections, welded plate girder sections and compound sections that are subjected to bending? Range:
  • An economical tension member includes but is not limited to: a stress ratio of between 80% and 100%? Range:
  • An economical compression member includes but is not limited to: a stress ratio of between 80% and 100%? Range:
  • An economical member in bending (flexure) includes but is not limited to: a stress ratio of between 80% and 100%? Range:
  • An economical beam-column member includes but is not limited to: a stress ratio of between 80% and 100% 
    		•

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Describe loads, load factors and load combination factors in accordance with limit states philosophy 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Dead, imposed and wind loads are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Load factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989 clause 4.4.2. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Load combination factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Dominant load is defined and multi combinations of loads are calculated for various dominant load conditions in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Design tension members. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Tension members in the structure are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Ultimate loads in the tension members are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on gross cross-sectional area is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on the net effective area of the member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements and checked for slenderness ratio limitations for tension members in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Design compression members. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Compression members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The ultimate loads in the compression members are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162 -1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Design flexural members (excluding plate girders). 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Flexural members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The ultimate bending moments and ultimate shear forces for the flexural members are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate bending moments and shear forces is selected for design. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate bending moment in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. The ultimate shear resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate shear force in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Deflection of the selected member is calculated and checked for compliance with SABS 0162 - 1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    8. Web load bearing resistances are calculated and compared with the factored loads applied to the beam in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Design beam-columns. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Members subjected to bending and axial loads in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The bending moment and shear force diagrams, as well as the axial load for the members is identified from the designer`s calculations. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. A member size is selected for design analysis and adequacy for carrying applied loading. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member in accordance with SABS 0162 (Part 1). 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    8. The combined resistance of the member subjected to bending and axial force is calculated and compared with the factored loading in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the CETA - ETQA for The National
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider with the CETA - ETQA
  • CETA - ETQA or other ETQA`s, who have a Memorandum of Understanding in place with CETA-ETQA, would be responsible for moderation of learner achievements of learners who meet the requirements of this qualification. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
  • Loads and their definition in terms of tension, compression, flexure, shear and combined flexure and axial forces
  • Simple stress and strain, elasticity and Hookes Law
  • Normal stresses and shear stresses
  • Temperature stress
  • Complimentary shear stress equilibrium
  • Poissons Ratio
  • Shear strain
  • Principle stresses and principle planes
  • Mohr`s Circle
  • Properties of metals, elasticity, ductivity, brittleness and plasticity
  • Stress/strain diagram - elastic limit and ultimate strength
  • Shock loads and suddenly applied loads
  • Section properties - centre of gravity, moment of inertia, radius of gyration and polar moment of inertia
  • Simple bending moment and shear force diagrams - uniform loads, point loads and moving loads - simply supported beams, cantilevers and simple continuous beams
  • Stresses in beams, due to bending, combined bending and direct stress and horizontal shear stress
  • Basic equations for calculating deflections
  • Buckling of columns and struts - Euler Theory 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems

    Specific outcomes
    1. Design flexural members

    Assessment criteria
    1.1. Deflections are checked for compliance with SABS 0162 (Part 1) 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Manage information

    Specific outcomes
    1. Describe loads, load factors and load combination factors in accordance with limit states philosophy

    Assessment criteria
    1.1. Dead, imposed and wind loads are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989
    1.2. Load factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989 clause 4.4.2
    1.3. Load combination factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2
    1.4. Dominant load is defined and multi combinations of loads are calculated for various dominant load conditions in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2

    2. Design tension members
    2.1. Tension members in the structure are identified from the designer`s calculations
    2.2. Ultimate loads in the tension members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    2.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis
    2.4. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on gross cross-sectional area is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    2.5. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on the net effective area of the member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    2.6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements and checked for slenderness ratio limitations for tension members in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993

    3. Design compression members
    3.1. Compression members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    3.2. The ultimate loads in the compression members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    3.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis
    3.4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated
    3.5. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162 -1: 1993
    3.6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements

    4. Design flexural members
    4.1. Flexural members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    4.2. The ultimate bending moments and ultimate shear forces for the flexural members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    4.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate bending moments and shear forces is selected for design
    4.4. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated
    4.5. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate bending moment in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.6. The ultimate shear resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate shear force in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.7. Deflection of the selected member is calculated and checked for compliance with SABS 0162 - 1: 1993
    4.8. Web load bearing resistances are calculated and compared with the factored loads applied to the beam in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements

    5. Design beam columns
    5.1. Members subjected to bending and axial loads in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    5.2. The bending moment and shear force diagrams, as well as the axial load for the members is identified from the designer`s calculations
    5.3. A member size is selected for design analysis and adequacy for carrying applied loading
    5.4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated
    5.5. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated
    5.6. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member in accordance with SABS 0162 (Part 1)
    5.7. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    5.8. The combined resistance of the member subjected to bending and axial force is calculated and compared with the factored loading in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    5.9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate scientific and technological competence

    Specific outcomes
    1. Describe loads, load factors and load combination factors in accordance with limit states philosophy

    Assessment criteria
    1.1. Dead, imposed and wind loads are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989
    1.2. Load factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160-1989 clause 4.4.2
    1.3. Load combination factors are defined in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2
    1.4. Dominant load is defined and multi combinations of loads are calculated for various dominant load conditions in accordance with SABS 0160 -1989 clause 4.4.2

    2. Design tension members
    2.1. Tension members in the structure are identified from the designer`s calculations
    2.2. Ultimate loads in the tension members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    2.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis
    2.4. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on gross cross-sectional area is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    2.5. The ultimate tension resistance of the selected member based on the net effective area of the member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    2.6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements and checked for slenderness ratio limitations for tension members in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993

    3. Design compression members
    3.1. Compression members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    3.2. The ultimate loads in the compression members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    3.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate load is selected for design analysis
    3.4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated
    3.5. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate load in accordance with SABS 0162 -1: 1993
    3.6. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements

    4. Design flexural members
    4.1. Flexural members in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    4.2. The ultimate bending moments and ultimate shear forces for the flexural members are identified from the designer`s calculations
    4.3. A member size considered adequate to resist the ultimate bending moments and shear forces is selected for design
    4.4. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated
    4.5. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate bending moment in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.6. The ultimate shear resistance of the selected member is calculated and compared with the ultimate shear force in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.7. Deflection of the selected member is calculated and checked for compliance with SABS 0162 - 1: 1993
    4.8. Web load bearing resistances are calculated and compared with the factored loads applied to the beam in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    4.9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements

    5. Design beam columns
    5.1. Members subjected to bending and axial loads in structures are identified from the designer`s calculations
    5.2. The bending moment and shear force diagrams, as well as the axial load for the members is identified from the designer`s calculations
    5.3. A member size is selected for design analysis and adequacy for carrying applied loading
    5.4. The effective lengths of compression elements is calculated
    5.5. The unbraced lengths of compression flanges is calculated
    5.6. The ultimate compression resistance of the selected member in accordance with SABS 0162 (Part 1)
    5.7. The ultimate bending resistance of the selected member is calculated in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    5.8. The combined resistance of the member subjected to bending and axial force is calculated and compared with the factored loading in accordance with SABS 0162-1: 1993
    5.9. An economical member is confirmed against load and resistance requirements 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    Supplementary information:
    Specified requirements

    Specified requirements include legal and legislative specific requirements and are contained in one or more of the following documents:

    Credits
    Total hours required by the learner to achieve the required outcomes: 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  48636   National Diploma: Structural Steelwork Detailing  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  CETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. Academic Institute of Excellence 
    2. Centurion Akademie 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.