SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Use appropriate force to uphold and enforce the law and protect people and property 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
14131  Use appropriate force to uphold and enforce the law and protect people and property 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Visible Policing 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 08 - Law, Military Science and Security Safety in Society 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  8 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Registered" 		 2003-02-19  2006-02-09  SAQA 0146/03 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2007-02-09   2010-02-09  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard is replaced by: 
US ID Unit Standard Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Credits Replacement Status
120494  Demonstrate understanding of proportionality of force  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  8   

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
This unit standard is for policing officials who may use force when conducting policing functions and tasks. This unit standard will contribute towards compliance with ethical -, legal - and organisational requirements applicable to the use of force.
Learners credited with this unit standard will be able to use appropriate levels of force that is both acceptable to the community and in the Policing environment whilst simultaneously minimizing possibilities of injuries and attacks on policing officials. Possibilities of attack are limited to only extra ordinary situations during which the learner will be able to react with confidence. This unit standard envisages the improved safety of members who are conducting policing tasks. This will be carried out in a credible manner that is free of discrimination.

Learners accredited with this unit standard will be able to:
  • Exercise alertness during policing tasks to ensure safety of policing officials and the public through preventative actions.
  • Obtain control of incidents where the law has been contravened in a manner that complies with legal and policy requirements.
  • Communicate tactically to resolve conflict and to prevent the use of physical force
  • Use personal equipment safely to ensure safe and lawful execution of policing tasks.
  • Make use of force decisions that meet legal, organisational and public requirements
  • Apply the principles for team movement to ensure safe and lawful execution of policing tasks. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
  • The assumption is made that learners possess communication competencies at NQF level 4, comply to selection criteria for a policing official in a policing organization and has been introduced to the social dynamic's that influence policing and fundamental policing principles.
  • Understanding and knowledge of law that is applicable to policing powers and functions is required.
  • Competency in the principles and techniques of tactical movement is required. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    The principles for the use of force are a generic concept that must be applied during all operations or policing tasks during low - medium - and high risk policing tasks. This unit standard will focus on application for basic policing activities as vehicle stops, arrest, search, crowds and attending complaints. The decision to use firearms and other munitions is included (deadly force decision). 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Exercise alertness during policing tasks. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Exercise alertness during policing tasks to ensure safety of policing officials and the public through preventative actions. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    All information pertaining to crime statistics, tendencies, phenomena and danger areas are gathered and analysed before operational tasks is conducted. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    A mind set of awareness is maintained to prevent surprise attacks and ensure tactical advantage. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    All danger clues are identified and responded to in a manner that will ensure the safety of policing officials. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Continuous assessment and planning is demonstrated by the ability to respond immediately to danger clues, adhering to all use of force legal and public requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Obtain control of incidents where the law has been contravened. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Obtain control of incidents where the law has been contravened in a manner that complies with legal and policy requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The suspect or object is searched or arrested, is isolated through the systematic and logical process of (1) pre containment defence, (2) contain, (3) isolate, and (4) action. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Initiative is kept after containment and isolation by ensuring effective control over the suspect and safe keeping of the suspect. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Search and arrest is carried out whilst protected cover is given by another official who is not engage into any other task. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Not all officials are engaged into isolated tasks in line. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Communicate tactically to resolve conflict and to prevent the use of physical force. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Visual control is maintained to ensure all suspects are unable to make undetected movements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Communication is established to resolve conflict peacefully by using voice control at a level that meets the threat. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    In threatening situations, self-identification and direction is given through clear precise and authoritive verbal instructions in order to limit the use of physical force. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    In high threat situations, verbal commands are given with authority and confidence until the suspect complies. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Verbal instructions are repeated until compliance is achieved or until planned physical intervention is needed. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    In situations where suspects do not comply with verbal commands, planned action is taken that comply with all the public and legal requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Confidence, readiness and control over body movement is demonstrated in the body language of the policing official when suspects are approached. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    A direct line of attack is never entered/presented by always placing an obstacle between the suspect and self. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    Cover to protect one self is optimally utilised by always planning one's movement to ensure maximum protection. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    Professional presence is demonstrated through quick decisions, knowledge, tolerance, openness, calmness, good temper, (by not losing temper) and to be unbiased. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Use personal equipment safely to ensure safe and lawful execution of policing tasks. 
    OUTCOME RANGE 
    Equipment for tactical operations includes but is not limited to:
    Body armour, firearms, tonfa and pepper (OC) canister. Tactical lights/ torch, hand radios.

    Equipment for crowd management operations includes but is not limited to:
    Body armour, helmet, shield, tonfa, stun grenade, CS grenades, OC spray, barbed wire trailers, Armoured vehicle, body protection, smoke grenade, 12 bore rubbers rounds, CS rifle grenade, personal fire extinguisher, hand radios 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Personal equipment is selected that meet the requirements for conducting the task in accordance with organisational policies. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The candidate is well conditioned and competent in the safe use of all personal equipment as prescribed by organisational policies to meet the specific purpose thereof within legal, organisational and public requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    All equipment is issued and inspected according to the instructions pertaining to the handing out of equipment. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    When using weapons or pyrotechnics during operations, record is kept of all incidents, which are reported according to organisational policies. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Make use of force decisions that meet legal, organisational and public requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The force used complies with the requirements that are contained in South African law of general application. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Force used will stand the reasonableness test in the court of law. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Force used complies with the constitutional limitation of human dignity, equality and freedom. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The force used meets the requirements of policing ethics. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Policing ethics refers to integrity, respect for diversity, obedience to the law, service excellence and public approval. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The force used was the minimum and reasonable in the circumstances. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 6 
    Apply the principles for team movement to ensure safe and lawful execution of policing tasks. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Communication between team members is maintained continuously. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Opportunity to assist the team is identified and executed without delay. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    As team member cohesion with the team is demonstrated in such a manner that he/she never conducts tasks in isolation. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    During the execution of tasks the team is led in a manner that all members of the team are not committed to tasks in line and members that are committed to tasks in line are covered / protected by a team member. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The principles and techniques of tactical movement are always applied during all tactical operations according to organizational procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Quick decisions, sharp, precise, safe and supportive tactical movement is demonstrated at all times. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
    1. Candidates are assessed against these assessment criteria. An assessor observes currently employed candidates carrying out their normal duties. They may also be asked to carry out simulated tasks and to answer written and/or oral questions. Candidates studying towards a Unit Standard, and who are not currently employed, will also be assessed using variety of assessment tools.
    2. Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
    3. Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA by SAQA.
    4. Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures

    The standard describes competent performance in doing physical techniques that will enhance their job performance, and lay down the criteria by which competence should be judged, as well as the range of circumstances in which competence should be demonstrated. 

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
  • A comprehensive understanding of the relevant legislation, and procedures and practices.
  • A broad understanding of the Principles of tactical movement, Rural foot formations, Cover, concealment and camouflage, Tactical Hand signals, Terminology on climbing techniques, Techniques of tactical movement, Rural leapfrogging (tactical level), Use of force principles, Theories on the social views of crowds (Le Bon, Smelser, Turner and Reicher), Constitutional and public requirement for policing action.
  • A basic understanding of the ways and methods in the use of Body armour, equipment jacket, gloves, night vision, video camera, binoculars, 35 mm camera, tactical lights, torch, radio's, micro phone, bolt cutters, hammer, Helmet, shield, tonfa, stun grenade, CS grenades, OC spray, barbed wire trailers, Nyala armoured vehicle, body protection, smoke grenade, 12 bore double ball rubbers rounds, CS rifle grenade, personal fire extinguisher, hand radio's

    Legal:
  • Section 9 Act 205/1995 Powers of the Police
  • Section 20 to 49 of CPA Act 51/1977
  • Sections 11,12,10 and 199 Constitution Act
  • Section 13 (3)(b) Police Act 68/1995
  • National Instruction 262 Crowd management
  • Policy Document on Crowd Management
  • Policing ethics and Code of Conduct
  • SO 341 (7) 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    High emphasis is placed on problem solving ability during exercises. Exercises and scenarios have a variety to ensure problem-solving ability is developed and not stereotyped step that the person cannot apply in practice. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Ability to be a team player in order to establish synergy during joint operations and in teams. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organize one self and ones activities while preparing personal equipment and plan own tasks for operational actions. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, evaluate, organize and critically evaluate information during policing task, interpret it to determine safe action that complies with legal and policy requirements. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Decision-making must be developed in this standard during practical exercises. Learners must be left to make their own decision, which must be debriefed. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Technology ability in using equipment such as GPS, radios, and special equipment. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Understand the world as a set of related systems by understanding the consequences of illegal or public unacceptable use of force actions and decisions. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO CONTRIBUTING 
    Creativity needs to be developed by measuring learner's performance to the principles rather than a specific technique. 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    This unit standard has been replaced by unit standard 120494, which is "Demonstrate understanding of proportionality of force", Level 5, 8 credits.

    Integrated assessment:

    Integrated assessment methods and tools will allow the candidate to demonstrate that she/ he has acquired knowledge of and can safely and effectively apply competence identified in this unit standard.

    These tools include the following:
  • In-site (on-the-job) observations
  • Role-play simulations
  • Structured group discussions
  • Written reports (e.g. tests, exams, case studies, projects, registers, logbooks, workbooks)
  • Verbal report backs (presentations)
  • Portfolios of evidence
  • Projects (physical visits to Government Departments)
  • Experiential learning
  • Working in teams
  • Scenario sketching

    These methods must be carefully selected based on the purpose of the assessment (For example, the written method of assessing knowledge or on-job demonstration of practical competence). The assessment must integrate a number of different methods in order to give the assessor reliable and valid proof of competence and evidence of required attitudes.

    Requirements of a portfolio

    Valid, reliable and authentic evidence (presented as a portfolio of evidence) from past achievements and experience, which serves to supplement the assessment of, applied competence.

    The portfolio may include inter alia:
  • Written statements from persons (e.g. current and/or previous employer, colleague, peer, manager, external customers) confirming competence of the learner
  • Relevant certificates or awards
  • Previous assessment records
  • Journals/logbook

    Level
    A learning programme leading to the award of this unit standard should develop learners who demonstrate:
    1. A foundational knowledge base as indicated in the embedded knowledge component
    2. An understanding of the discipline/field's fundamental terms, rules, concepts and principles
    3. Familiarity with some of the essential procedures, operations and techniques of this field
    4. An ability to use a range of procedures to solve routine problems
    5. Basic information gathering, analysis and presentation skills
    6. An ability to communicate and present information clearly and reliability following prescribed formats and conventions.

    The following policing specific outcomes must be assessed;
    1. Courage to take risk and even put own life at risks to safe others.
    2. Discipline to accept instructions and policy
    3. Physical ability to do the job (includes fitness and health required to move in the field with the sections without putting themselves in danger).
    4. Patriotism and loyalty to the country and its entire people.

    Specified requirements

    Specified requirements include legal and legislative specific requirements and are contained in one or more of the following documents:
    Criminal Procedure Act
    Constitution Act
    South African Police Service Act
    A glossary of terms about the terminology of use and uphold of force

    Context specific
    Rules and regulations on the use and uphold of force. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  48865   National Diploma: Policing  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Registered"     		 2007-12-02  Was SAS SETA until Last Date for Achievement 
    Elective  20496   National Certificate: Policing  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Registered"     		 2006-02-09  Was SAS SETA until Last Date for Achievement 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE BASIC TRAINING PROVISION 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.