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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Understand the fundamental principles of screening and cleaning operations 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
256305  Understand the fundamental principles of screening and cleaning operations 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Pulp and Paper 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 3  NQF Level 03  6 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard replaces: 
US ID Unit Standard Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Credits Replacement Status
114257  Understand the fundamental process principles of screening and cleaning pulp suspensions  Level 3  NQF Level 03  10   
246626  Understand the fundamental principles of screening and cleaning operations  Level 3  NQF Level 03  6   

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
Learners who demonstrate competence as described in the outcomes of this unit standard will be able to explain the scientific and operating principles of cleaning and screening as used in the pulp and paper industry.

The qualifying learner is able to:
  • Discuss typical contraries found in different pulp and paper applications.
  • Explain the fundamental operating principles of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and cleaning systems.
  • Explain the fundamental operating principles of screens and screening systems.
  • Select the type of screen or cleaner to use for different process applications. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Learners accessing this unit standard will have demonstrated competence against communication and mathematical literacy at NQF Level 2 or equivalent. 

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
  • The typical context of this unit standard covers the understanding of the technology and the application of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and screens in a range of pulp and paper applications to remove contraries from prime materials.
  • Range statements, which are applicable to the unit standard titles, specific outcomes and assessment criteria are found beneath the applicable assessment criteria. 
    		•

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Discuss typical contraries found in different pulp and paper applications. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Small size, high-density contraries are identified and described and probable sources discussed, explained and identified as per workplace standards. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Sand, grit, metal filings.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Large size, high-density contraries are identified and described and probable sources discussed, explained and identified as per workplace standards. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Nuts, bolts, stones.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Small size, low-density contraries are identified and described and probable sources are discussed, explained and identified as per workplace standards. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Coal particles, fine air dispersions, small light plastic pieces, wood splinters or shives etc.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Large size, low-density contraries are identified and described and probable sources are discussed, explained and identified as per workplace standards. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Large pieces of plastic, wood pieces.
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Explain the fundamental operating principles of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and cleaning systems. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The purpose of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and cleaning systems are explained in terms of its function with regards to contraries. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The basic operating principles of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and cleaning systems are explained by making use of a generic flow diagram and/or sketch. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Principles include design, differential pressure [velocity], stream relationship and effectiveness, differences for high and low density.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The flow of material through the cleaners (hydrocyclones)/cleaning systems is traced and all equipment is identified using standard industry terminology. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The functioning of each piece of equipment used in the cleaning process is explained by making use of drawings. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The arrangement of a system of cleaners is discussed and explained and simple mass balances are calculated. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Explain the fundamental operating principles of screens and screening systems. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The purpose of screens and screening systems are explained in terms of its function with regards to contraries. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The basic operating principles of screens and screening systems are explained by making use of a generic flow diagram and/or sketch. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Principles include design, screen size and type [shape], stream relationship and effectiveness.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The flow of material through the screens/screening systems is traced and all equipment is identified using standard industry terminology. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The functioning of each piece of equipment used in the screening process is explained by making use of drawings. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The arrangement of a system of screens is discussed and explained and simple mass balances are calculated. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Select the type of screen or cleaner to use for different process applications. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Criteria for the selection of different systems are discussed in accordance with different contraries. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Implications of having multiple contraries are discussed and suggestions of how to deal with complications are indicated with regards to the impact thereof on the cleaning and screening processes. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Process problems, which are associated with the contraries, are discussed and solutions to these problems are offered as per workplace procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The discharge of contrary material is explained in accordance with workplace procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The discharge of contrary material is discussed with regards to the environmental impact thereof. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • An assessor, accredited with a relevant NQF Level 3 or higher qualification, will assess the learner's competency.
  • Only an Assessor with considerable first hand experience in process operations will assess the learner's competency.
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this Unit Standard must be registered as an Assessor with the relevant ETQA.
  • Direct observation in simulated or actual work conditions is required. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Qualifying learners understand and can:

    Explain the names, functions and locations of:
  • All items of installed equipment.
  • Raw material/s.
  • Finished product/s.

    Describe the properties and characteristics of:
  • Raw material/s.
  • Product/s.
  • Process equipment.
  • Auxiliary equipment.
  • Process system/s.
  • Utilities.

    Explain the purpose of the:
  • Process, in terms of product/s, efficiencies and quality.

    Explain the causes, effects and implications of:
  • Process variables.
  • Raw material variables (suppliers).
  • Product variables (customers).
  • Hazards.
  • Not complying with safety standards.
  • Not complying with standard operating procedures.
  • Not complying with quality specifications.

    Demonstrate procedures and techniques of:
  • Standard Operating for the starting up, monitoring, controlling and shutting down of the process.
  • Recording and reporting data.

    Explain the regulations, legislation, agreements and policies related to:
  • Occupational Health and Safety Act.
  • Environmental issues.
  • Housekeeping.
  • Company Safety Procedures.
  • Standard Operating procedures.
  • Quality specifications. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    The learner is able to identify and solve problems in which responses display that responsible decisions, using critical and creative thinking, have been made by:
  • Describing paper and pulp making process problems which are associated with the contraries and propose solutions to these problems.
  • Describing the basic scientific theory behind the removal of contraries by screening and cleaning.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation or community by:
  • Maintaining sound relations with co-workers.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcome:
  • Select the type of screen or cleaner to use for different process applications. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    The learner is able to organise and manage himself and his activities responsibly and effectively by:
  • Working to achieve consistent results required by the process/customers.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcomes:
  • Explain the fundamental operating principles of cleaners (hydrocyclones) and cleaning systems.
  • Explain the fundamental operating principles of screens and screening systems.
  • Select the type of screen or cleaner to use for different process applications. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information by:
  • Using various sources of information pertaining to operation of cleaners and screens including basic scientific and engineering theory.
  • Crrelating shape and density with removal technique.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively by using mathematical and/or language skills in the modes of oral and/or written presentations by:
  • Giving written or oral descriptions pertaining to cleaning/screening systems and pulp contraries.
  • Responding to questions on cleaning/screening systems and pulp contraries.
  • Identifying and solving problems with respect to the subject matter of the unit standard.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically, showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others by:
  • Describing the environmental impacts of cleaning screening discharges.
  • Showing how science and technology can be used to reduce the effect of screening and cleaning on the environment.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcome:
  • Select the type of screen or cleaner to use for different process applications. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by:
  • Explaining the purpose of the process as well as the relationship to the supplier and customer's processes.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO CONTRIBUTING 
    Contribute to the full personal development of each learner and the social and economic development of the society at large by:
  • Understanding the role of cleaning and screening in the pulp and paper environment and the effect it has on the growth and development of the organisation, its customers and employees.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    This unit standard replaces unit standard 114257, "Understand the fundamental process principles of screening and cleaning pulp suspensions", Level 3, 10 credits.

    Supplementary Information:

    Terms and definitions:
  • Standard operating procedures: The documented practice(s) defining the who, what, and when of quality activities.
  • Process: Process means the manufacturing process where a product is manufactured using machinery and equipment with limited guidance or control from the learner.
  • Process and operating specifications: The measurements and indications of all variables monitored during operations including temperatures, pressures, speed, flow rates, power consumption, noise, vibration and visual indicators. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  61971   National Certificate: Pulp and Paper Operations  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  FPMSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.